VPN Logging Policies Explained: What They Keep and Why It Matters
Every VPN claims to be 'no-logs' — but how do you know they're telling the truth? Some VPNs have handed over user data to authorities. Others have been caught lying.
We'll cut through the marketing BS and show you exactly what different logging policies mean, which VPNs have been audited or court-tested, and how to verify claims yourself.
The 3 Types of VPN Logs
Connection logs record when you connect, how long, and your IP address. Usage logs record what websites you visit. Aggregated logs store anonymous data for statistics. A true 'no-logs' VPN keeps NONE of these.
Connection logs are the most dangerous — they link your real IP to VPN usage times.
Why 'No-Logs' Claims Are Often Meaningless
Anyone can write 'no-logs' on their website. Without independent verification, it's just marketing. Look for: third-party audits, court cases where logs weren't produced, or real-world incidents that tested the policy.
Several VPNs claiming 'no-logs' have been caught logging user data or handing it to authorities.
VPNs with Court-Tested No-Logs Policies
Private Internet Access has been subpoenaed twice by the FBI and produced no logs either time. ExpressVPN's servers were seized in Turkey and contained no user data. These are the gold standard for privacy verification.
A court test is better proof than any audit — it's real-world verification under legal pressure.
Understanding Independent Audits
Companies like Deloitte, PwC, and Cure53 audit VPN providers' infrastructure and policies. These audits verify that the VPN's systems match their privacy claims. NordVPN, ExpressVPN, and ProtonVPN have all been audited.
Jurisdiction Matters
VPNs based in 5 Eyes, 9 Eyes, or 14 Eyes countries can be compelled to log data. Privacy-friendly jurisdictions include: Switzerland (ProtonVPN), Panama (NordVPN), British Virgin Islands (ExpressVPN).
Swiss privacy laws are considered the strongest in the world.
Red Flags to Watch For
Be wary of: vague privacy policies, no audit history, headquarters in surveillance-heavy countries, or past incidents of data sharing. If a VPN can't clearly explain what they log, assume the worst.
Our Recommended VPNs for This
Looking for more options? Check our complete guide:
Best VPNs for PrivacyFrequently Asked Questions
What's the safest VPN for privacy?
ProtonVPN (Swiss-based, audited, open-source) and Private Internet Access (court-tested twice) have the strongest privacy credentials.
Can a VPN be forced to log my data?
In some countries, yes. That's why jurisdiction matters. VPNs in privacy-friendly countries like Switzerland or Panama can refuse government requests.
Are free VPNs safe for privacy?
Generally, no. Free VPNs need to make money somehow — usually by selling your data. There's one exception: ProtonVPN's free tier has the same no-logs policy as their paid plans.
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